这篇文章主要介绍了python中pip安装非pypi官网第三方库的方法,pip最新的版本(1.5以上的版本), 出于安全的考虑,pip不允许安装非pypi的url,本文就给出两种解决方法,需要的朋友可以参考下6 I, F6 {% K. t( p6 T1 t1 a I; k
在python中安装非自带python模块,有三种方式:
: n) V1 k2 D# {+ U1 w& L1 O 1.easy_install
3 L$ W/ D0 f: @ 2.pip
' F6 v) E( t S2 U8 A2 _ 3.下载压缩包(.zip, .tar, .tar.gz)后解压, 进入解压缩的目录后执行python setup.py install命令
4 i% K3 N, D: \6 J9 m+ [/ Q; u 本文主要针对pip安装时可能会碰到的一种情况,及解决办法:
' x& p5 U- y5 m I' k) j 假如我要安装pylint模块,该模块非python自带模块,用import肯定不能导入,需要额外安装! w% y3 t }+ I1 q" b) R0 [" k' Q6 }
代码如下:
( R- z+ k+ F; I& p2 _/ Z$ h >>> import pylint8 o! u# e9 U7 l$ S
traceback (most recent call last):" l2 K& m/ S) f# o% N% h
file "", line 1, in
" |4 q5 a% Q8 O! k* T2 s importerror: no module named pylint t9 M7 u- Q& c r: A6 O# A
【现象】! R; s; m" C6 A$ T) z* i. z# C
执行pip install 命令,报错如下:3 r/ f- @9 e2 M% q
代码如下: z& H5 F* P/ E0 V3 y
d:\>pip install pylint --allow-external pylint
7 J1 R" U* J4 K% }: j. \ downloading/unpacking pylint
/ D( J& s+ A7 t3 I, F1 Y9 S( P requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six in c:\python27\lib\site-packages\six-1; V Q' {( {: ?' N& d, ^
.8.0-py2.7.egg (from pylint)
9 `6 {# g2 X4 ]8 U8 l# ]+ |0 e downloading/unpacking astroid>=1.3.6 (from pylint)
; |1 r ~% Q! a' Y real name of requirement astroid is astroid
$ d- ]2 R6 z$ K. U could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement astroid>=1.3.6 (from pylint)1 F3 j- v x8 k/ Y1 I( M
some insecure and unverifiable files were ignored (use --allow-unverified astroid to allow).
+ ?% n" s# _7 l$ F6 q8 G1 u6 L+ ^# Y cleaning up...
- @! O1 y1 M1 G4 i) ^! O* t no distributions at all found for astroid>=1.3.6 (from pylint)
* f. |9 |, j2 } V storing debug log for failure in c:\users\aaa\pip\pip.log- z8 i0 x4 [+ s
【分析】; W9 A d2 Y' r4 y' R
在perl中安装新模块,一般可以用ppm图形化工具,也可以用cpan来安装,比如说: cpan>install test::class, 非常方便,不会碰到这种情况,这种情况主要是因为pip版本问题: pip最新的版本(1.5以上的版本), 出于安全的考
" C! u, B1 O' L; Y; i! z$ D 虑,pip不允许安装非pypi的url,因为该安装文件实际上来自pylint.org,因而导致上面的错误!
( [3 D% j6 a( A, l1 I- O* D- Z note:8 E) n9 i4 k' A$ ~$ `2 T
1. 可以在官方changelog里面查看更改的信息* Y$ P1 W: E+ Y5 V. Z
2. 可以用pip --version来查看pip的版本信息. G/ @4 S& Q* l6 A( T; a
代码如下:' r- Q% G; m5 R* j5 ^
c:\>pip --version
, R. B! I0 L( T% x' X7 ]7 { pip 1.5.6 from c:\python27\lib\site-packages (python 2.7)0 o1 F1 |0 f" k/ l% O8 Y
【办法】0 ?$ c' T8 i- N* w/ P, T* Z
针对上面的情况,既然这个问题是因为pip版本的原因,可以改用pip低一点的版本: m# v- D* Y `* Y# x
方法一: 用pip 1.4版本,再执行pip install pylint命令来安装
% c% m" j9 H* ^4 ~ 方法二: 执行命令时,加上--allow-all-external, --allow-unverified及依赖包版本(astroid==1.3.6)$ \2 q0 e p/ \+ e7 r& @# q% I
代码如下:
6 R' ?! X. I u. s0 W0 C pip install pylint --allow-all-external pylint astroid==1.3.6 --allow-unverified pylint
/ y* J4 V3 h2 p/ x1 w3 c note:% J& C; L2 x! B4 G% K: Y( K
1. --allow-all-external # 允许所有外部地址的标签,只有打上该标签pip方可下载外部地址模块) P0 y- [4 `, g" |' N9 Y: h
2. --allow-unverified # pip没有办法校验外部模块的有效性,所以必须同时打上该标签
( X' ^0 @/ H: i+ k 3. astroid==1.3.6 # 依赖包必须要添加上,并赋予其版本号,pip方能从列表下载6 B7 C0 I# N# b; k
方法三: 在当前目录下,新增requirements.txt,内容如下:# z( ]# G% S& k4 n' q+ K
代码如下:
' @- F+ m' {: J1 i6 o; I # requirements.txt/ c: @' a. ~8 V. s6 v0 D3 A! D' ?
--allow-all-external pylint& w5 W9 V2 | N' T* K
--allow-unverified pylint Y" A3 r1 Y9 O
pylint
3 ^, @8 j% m. k6 P7 H+ x2 C --allow-all-external astroid==1.3.6, p- K9 C4 N1 O% ~( i3 [- R3 G( A/ ?
再执行: pip install -r requirements.txt
8 x2 V1 b& o3 ?2 v6 c 【结论】
! H' n, q M( F- Z$ ^- ?- U 1. pip这个设计不够友好,使用也很不方便,远不如perl中的ppm,期待python中也有这么个工具。5 Q# p2 c. R6 Q& {6 r
2. 如果碰到这种错,导致不能安装模块的话: 直接下载压缩包安装好了。 >>>下载包地址<<<
& K, z6 E+ ~- x# [5 D2 }$ a 3. 执行pip -h命令查看更新pip相关的帮助信息
' ]% g ?) X7 P" X# t 代码如下:
+ x) T: ^# h* H7 o9 I# d6 } usage:9 h7 y+ q; r# z; o
pip [options]5 Z- p" J/ a' u- e& z6 O1 |- p7 q0 B
commands:1 m$ q+ N7 q: F2 v* T( |/ O
install install packages. ?' e" |2 ^, M6 b# m' z
uninstall uninstall packages." D: o- J6 s$ y T+ m
freeze output installed packages in requirements format.
& p8 n1 |( z' o1 r5 z list list installed packages.4 i! K% O5 P8 P3 z+ V
show show information about installed packages.
, p$ R: y [5 w1 @/ ]; O* P1 l search search pypi for packages.
" U, J- {% j: y% U$ ? wheel build wheels from your requirements.
/ T" `0 K7 q9 M4 y& l zip deprecated. zip individual packages.
/ x0 w) J4 W/ O1 O" | unzip deprecated. unzip individual packages.0 i. d; R! X2 q, p
bundle deprecated. create pybundles.$ ` Q! E4 Y5 K
help show help for commands.; @, ?5 P) K$ y
general options:7 |7 H+ @" m, c" P/ ^( f. }
-h, --help show help.
' p6 \9 `- ~' O2 F! o2 M# b2 N; c -v, --verbose give more output. option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
% Q7 F4 _+ x$ Y0 S* n8 j -v, --version show version and exit.( x5 k2 S d9 v7 m1 R( \
-q, --quiet give less output.
2 `7 p: N. L2 q --log-filepath to a verbose non-appending log, that only logs failures. this log is active by default at pip.log.+ R5 G; l* h1 V
--logpath to a verbose appending log. this log is inactive by default.. \0 S; X0 y P: @; y2 B& g7 @
--proxyspecify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
! D! K* m( s5 `- V/ S* c) v --timeout set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).8 K+ G2 j; c6 Z: U
--exists-action default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.; A7 k7 P9 y( ?, I
--certpath to alternate ca bundle.
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